Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anticholinesterase and Antiproliferative Activities of Ceratophyllum submersum

This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antiproliferative activities of Ceratophyllum submersum ethanol extract. Antioxidant activity was determined by the parameters of total antioxidant level (TAS), total oxidant level (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI). TAS value of C. submersum was determined as 4,271±0,126 mmol/L, TOS value as 10,505±0,147 µmol/L and OSI value as 0,246±0,004. Low OSI value indicates that the plant has a strong antioxidant defense system. In terms of anticholinesterase activity, C. submersum extract showed inhibition against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes at 139,68±2,40 µg/mL and 171,99±1,81 µg/mL levels, respectively. Although these values are low compared to the standard inhibitor galantamine, they indicate that the extract contains potential bioactive compounds. Antiproliferative activity assessment was performed on A549 lung cancer cell line. The results showed that C. submersum ethanol extract significantly reduced cell viability at increasing concentrations and showed antiproliferative effect. The findings obtained show that C. submersum contains biologically active compounds and is an effective plant species in combating oxidative stress. However, further studies are needed to better understand the bioavailability, molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of this plant.