A Comparative Analysis of Competition Policy in Science Commercialisation

Science commercialisation serves as a fundamental process to convert research discoveries into marketable products, which drive economic development and solve social requirements. Science commercialisation maintains a sophisticated relationship with competition policy. This research examines how competition policy creates conditions that support science commercialisation while maintaining fair access to benefits for all. The analysis examines three significant challenges, which include research monopolisation, high barriers to entry for new innovators and ethical concerns about privatising public knowledge. The research evaluates worldwide best practices by studying the Bayh-Dole Act in the United States and the Horizon 2020 programme of the European Union to determine their impact on outcomes. Moreover, the paper addresses the gap by examining how competition policy mechanisms can balance innovation incentives with broad access, using case studies and policy analysis, and this analysis leads to policy recommendations that support innovation-friendly competition.