ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF PROSUMERS THROUGH THE LENS OF 4D ENERGY TRANSITION

The global energy transition underscores the need to increase the share of renewable energy sources and decentralize the power system to enhance energy security and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. In this context, the concept of prosumers is gaining increasing importance, as it allows end-users to generate and consume electricity, reducing reliance on centralized energy structures. This paper highlights the advantages and impacts of prosumers through the lens of the 4D energy transition, which includes the diversification of energy sources, decentralization of production, democratization of energy access, and decarbonization through renewable sources. It examines how prosumers can contribute to reducing Serbia’s energy dependence by increasing domestic energy production. Special attention is given to the potential social and economic benefits, including the reduction of external costs related to pollution and public health. Additionally, the paper analyzes the potential impacts of prosumers on the power system and other electricity market participants, including their influence on grid load, transmission and distribution losses, financial effects on distribution system operators and suppliers, as well as the potential influence on electricity prices for other end-users. Finally, the paper emphasizes the importance of improving the position of prosumers in Serbia to maximize their benefits for the energy sector and society as a whole.