Impacts of Diets and Food Plans in Health and Diseases—A Narrative Review

ABSTRACT The evolution of diet due to cultural, economic, and social factors has been an ongoing phenomenon that is heavily influenced by the rise of health issues, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Despite enormous public attention, the importance of diet as a key determinant of health, physical fitness, and diseases such as non‐communicable diseases (NCD) has remained underscored. This review emphasizes different diet types, providing insights into their nutritional content and health effects. Vegetarian and vegan diets, ketogenic diets, Mediterranean diets, Western diets, pescatarian diets, flexitarian diets, and territorial diversified diets are discussed, highlighting their influences on health, and diseases. A total of 191 peer‐reviewed articles and reviews published between 2012 and 2025 have been analyzed to understand the role of various diets in preventing and dealing with the emerging global epidemic of NCDs. Significant heterogeneity have been observed in these study reports. As a result, we performed a narrative synthesis only. Nevertheless, the present review calls for ongoing research and a better understanding of factors contributing to the quality of diets and their impact on health outcomes. The identification of gaps and challenges within the current knowledge base is crucial for guiding future research directions in the ever‐evolving area of dietary interventions.