Nuclear Spin Relaxation and Electric Quadrupole Frequency Shift of ^<b>129</b>Xe-^<b>131</b>Xe in Cubic Stemless MEMS Atomic Vapor Cells

Research on the electric quadrupole frequency shift mechanism and nuclear spin relaxation of ¹²⁹Xe-¹³¹Xe in alkali metal atomic vapor cells fabricated using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology remains in its early stages. Therefore, an in-depth investigation in this field is crucial for enhancing the performance of miniaturized atomic gyroscopes and other quantum devices. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the electric quadrupole frequency shift and relaxation of ¹²⁹Xe-¹³¹Xe nuclear spins in a stemless cubic MEMS vapor cell. To elucidate the microscopic characteristics of wall interactions, nuclear spin quadrupole interactions with mixed silicon and glass surfaces in MEMS vapor cells were examined. The influence of the angle between the vapor cell's geometric axis and the applied magnetic field on the electric quadrupole frequency shift was investigated, leading to the determination of the vapor cell's asymmetry parameter <i>η</i> and the average twist angle ⟨<i>θ</i>⟩ of nuclear spin-wall collisions. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of the electric quadrupole frequency shift in ¹³¹Xe atoms was characterized, enabling the extraction of the desorption activation energy (<i>E</i> _<i>A</i> ) of ¹³¹Xe on the MEMS vapor cell surface. By analyzing the free induction decay (FID) signals of ¹²⁹Xe and ¹³¹Xe at varying temperatures, the relationship between their relaxation rates and temperature was established. These findings offer valuable insights for optimizing nuclear spin relaxation times in microatomic gyroscopes.