Description of a New Species of Mountain Midges (Diptera, Deuterophlebiidae) from Xinjiang, China

The family Deuterophlebiidae is considered to be the most plesiomorphic Diptera family, with a striking morphology and life history. In this study, we provide detailed descriptions and figures of a new species from Northwestern China: <i>Deuterophlebia shawanensis</i> sp. nov., along with genetic distances of COI sequences among the eight known Chinese species of <i>Deuterophlebia</i> Edwards, 1922. The genetic distance from others is greater than 0.1. In terms of morphology, the new species could also be distinguished from others by the absence of spines in the mesothorax at the pupal stage and the outward protrusion of the second dorsal view of the mesothorax. As a result, China is currently the country with the highest <i>Deuterophlebia</i> species diversity.