Implementation of Non-Armed First Responder Programs; Optimization by Centering Program Perspectives

Factors such as structural racism and disinvestment in community mental health and social services have resulted in harmful interactions between law enforcement and individuals experiencing mental health crises. These harms are even more prevalent among racial and ethnic minorities, sexual and gender minorities, and individuals with a mental illness. Nationwide, municipalities are exploring ways to ameliorate the harms experienced during these interactions, with some implementing alternative crisis response units. In Durham, North Carolina, we conducted interviews with staff of one such program to better understand what aids and prevents successful program implementation. Participants reported that buy-in from program partners such as other first responders as well as from the broader community facilitated program operations. Barriers disclosed included inadequate funding of local social services and changing policies and procedures.