Serum Lipid Level in Mother with Pre-eclampsia Attending in a Selected Tertiary Hospital in Bangladesh

Background: Pre-eclampsia is a disorder of pregnancy, characterized by new onset of hypertension and proteinuria that develops after 20 weeks of gestation in a previously normotensive women. Abnormal lipid profile and species may have a role in the promotion of oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction seen in pre-eclampsia. Predominantly the atherogenic low density lipoprotein (LDL) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) are increased in association with hyperlipidaemia in pre-eclampsia. There is a pronounced physiological hyperlipidaemia, involving serum levels of triglycerides, and cholesterol in normal pregnancy. Preeclampsia is associated with substantial risks for the mother and fetus. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was carried out in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Child and Mother Health, Matuail, Dhaka Bangladesh from May 2021 to April 2022. Total 42 pregnant women (>20 weeks) with pre-eclampsia and 42 normotensive pregnant women (>20 weeks) were included. All patients were selected according to inclusion criteria. Purposing sampling method was used to collect data from Institute of Child and Mother Health, Matuail, Dhaka Bangladesh. Collected data were analyzed by using computerized methods of analysis (SPSS version 16 and Microsoft Office Excel). Results: Total cholesterol levels in Pre-eclampsia group was >200mg/dl in 73.8% patients and <200mg/dl in 26.2% patients. HDL-C levels was <40mg/dl in 16.7% patients and >40mg/dl in 83.3% patients. LDL-C was >159mg/dl in 52.4% and <159mg/dl in 47.6% patients, Triglyceride was >200mg/dl in 92.9% and <200mg/dl in 7.1% patients. In normal pregnancy, Total cholesterol was >200mg/dl in 42.9% and <200mg/dl in 57.1% patients, LDL-C was >159mg/dl in 19.0% and <159mg/dl in 81.0%patients, Triglyceride was >200mg/dl in 73.8% and <200mg/dl in 26.2% patients. Total cholesterol, LDL-C, and Triglyceride were increase in pre-eclampsia when compared to normal pregnancy, which was statistically significant (p<0.05), but no significant difference in HDL-C between two groups (p>0.05). Significant positive pearson’s correlation test between blood pressure and levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, and Triglycerides. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient test. There is a correlation between dyslipidemia and maternal and fetal outcome in both pre-eclampsia and normotensive pregnancy. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia is significantly evident in pre-eclampsia and plays an important pathological role.