Scoping Review: Artificial Intelligence Applications for Climate Mitigation and Adaptation in Developing Nations: Opportunities, Technical Challenges, and Associated Risks

Climate change poses significant challenges to developing nations, exacerbating vulnerabilities due to limited resources and infrastructure. Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds transformative potential for climate mitigation and adaptation through applications such as climate modelling, disaster forecasting and resource optimisation. This scoping review examines AI applications in developing nations, identifying opportunities, technical challenges, and risks. Through a systematic analysis of thirty (30) peer-reviewed articles sourced from Scopus, Web of Science, ResearchGate and Google Scholar. The findings revealed that AI enhances predictive accuracy and resource management but faces challenges such as data quality, computational limitations and ethical concerns. Opportunities include improved disaster preparedness and sustainable agriculture, while risks involve energy-intensive AI systems and inequitable access. The review underscores the need for ethical frameworks and capacity-building to maximize AI's benefits in developing nations.