Evolution of Extravascular ICD Implantation: Shift Toward Local Anesthesia and Nurse‐Led Sedation Without Propofol
We describe the first successful implantation of an extravascular implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (EV-ICD) performed under local anesthetic with nurse-led sedation, without the use of propofol or anesthetic support. The procedure was well tolerated in a carefully selected, motivated patient. Although this is a single case, the patient's experience and procedural metrics were comparable to those performed under general anesthesia. This approach may offer a safe and resource-efficient alternative for individuals for whom general anesthesia is high risk or unavailable. It marks a potential shift in practice, mirroring transitions in S-ICD implantation, which expanded to include nerve block, local anesthesia, and sedation.
Authors
- Jordan Evans (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8873-7343)
- André Briosa e Gala (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9145-6374)
- Arthur Yue
- John Paisey
- Fazlullah Wardak
Institutions
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- University of Southampton (GB)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology
- Published
- 2025-09-16
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1111/pace.70054
- Primary Topic
- Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00