Clinico-Biological Factors and Ocular Complications during Preeclampsia

Goal: To analyze the association between clinico-biological factors and ocular complications in pre-eclamptic patients. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study with a descriptive and analytical purpose conducted from January 1, 2023 to October 1, 2023 in Libreville. It involved 93 preeclamptic patients, including 13 with ocular complications (C+) and 80 without any complication (C-). Maternal data, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), blur vision; visual acuity (VAC) and biology were collected. These parameters were compared between C+ and C- (p < 0.05). Results: The hospital prevalence of preeclampsia was 5.8% and that of ocular complications during this pathology 14.0%. Among the C+, 7 (53.8%) were workers versus 19 (23.8%) among the C- [OR = 3.7; CI = (1.1 - 12.5); p = 0.032]. In C+, 11 (84.6%) patients had a SBP ≥ 160 mmHg against 43 (53.8%) in C- [OR = 4.7; CI = (1.0 - 22.7); p = 0.033]. The C+ all had severe preeclampsia (100.0%) versus 53 (66.3%) in the C- (p =0.05). In C+, 6 (23.1%) patients had an VAC < 3/10th against 4 (2.5%) in C- [OR = 7.3; CI = (1.9 - 27.3); p = 0.006]. Conclusion: These results suggest that professional activity, the severity of the pathology, the elevation of SBP and the decrease in visual acuity are predictive factors for the occurrence of ocular complications during preeclampsia