Kettlebell Training Improves Cognitive Function In Older Adults

Kettlebell training (KT) improves body composition and muscle strength in older adults. Little attention has been given to the potential benefits of KT on cognitive function in older adults. PURPOSE: The study examined the effects of a kettlebell training (KT) program on cognitive function in older adults. METHODS: Individuals >60 years old with a body mass index <42 kg/m2 participated in a KT program (2x/week) consisting of deadlifts, shoulder press, bent-over rows, squats, and swings (3-9 sets with 4-10 reps for each exercise at a rate of perceived exertion level 7/10). Participants were evaluated at baseline and upon completion of KT training for the following outcomes: weight (lbs), lean mass (lbs), fat mass (lbs), grip strength (kg), knee extension torque (n.M), and cognitive function. Physiological measures were assessed using standard testing protocols. Cognitive function was assessed using an iPad running the NIH ToolboxTM. Tests included the Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention Test, the Dimensional Change Card Sort Test, and the Pattern Comparison Processing Speed Test. Pre- to postest data were compared using paired samples t-tests. Study procedures adhered to those outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. RESULTS: Data are included from eighteen participants (3 men/15 women). Fifteen (2 men, 13 women) completed four months of training; three (1 man, 2 women) completed two months of training. KT improved body composition and muscle strength. Lean mass increased by 3.7 ± 4.1 lbs, t(17) = -3.847, p = .001. Grip strength increased by 3.5 ± 2.9 kg, t(17) = -5.134, p = .0005. Knee extension torque increased by 12.3 ± 16.9 n.M, t(17) = -3.076, p = .007. KT also improved cognitive function. Performance on the Flanker Test improved by 0.5 ± 0.8 of a point, t(17) = -2.391, p = .029. Likewise, performance on the Pattern Comparison Test improved by 4.4 ± 8.1 points, t(17) = -2.296, p = .035. There were no significant changes in body weight, fat mass, or performance on the Card Sort Test, p’s > .05. CONCLUSION: KT leads to improvements in muscle mass, muscle strength, and cognitive function in older adults. The impact of KT on cognitive function was most notable for the subdomains of executive function and attention. These data support the positive role that regular resistance training plays in the cognitive function of older adults. Supported by: Supported by Towson University Department of Kinesiology (DAGM), Towson University Faculty Development & Research Committee (DAGM) and Towson University College of Health Professions Summer Undergraduate Research Institute (MF).