A Comparative Analysis of Japanese Mathematics in the Edo Period in Terms of Cultural Dimensions with Other Global Mathematical Traditions

The development of modern mathematics has been largely shaped by Western traditions, while distinct mathematical systems emerged in the East. During Japans Edo period, the isolationist policy Sakoku restricted external influences, fostering the unique traditional mathematics Wasan. This study explores how Wasan diverged from other global mathematical traditions in cultural dimensions, focusing on differences in conceptualizations, research agendas, and problem-solving methodologies. The analysis contrasts Wasan with traditions like Ancient Greek mathematics, drawing on historical texts (e.g., Funki Jinko-Ki), scholarly works, and examples of mathematical practices (e.g., pi calculation, algebraic methods). Wasan prioritized elegant, practical solutions over logical proofs, influenced by Edos artistic culture. Its focus on real-world applications and unique algebraic systems (e.g., Seki Takakazus methods) distinguished it from theory-centric traditions. With the end of Sakoku, Wasan declined, but it remains a notable example of mathematics evolving in isolation.