THE PSYCHOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL ESSENCE OF JOY AND SADNESS

This article examines the categories of joy and sadness from psychological and cultural perspectives. Although these emotions are universal to all human beings, their perception, evaluation, and expression are shaped not only by individual psychology but also by collective cultural values. The study highlights how joy is connected with human well-being, motivation, and social bonding, while sadness is linked with reflection, loss, and cultural rituals. By comparing psychological theories and cultural interpretations, this article argues that emotions function as both inner experiences and cultural constructs.