Qur'anic Semantics of Arrogance: A Synonymity Study of Istikbar Mukhtalan Fakhur and Marahan

Objective: Explain the synonyms of the words in the Qur'an related to arrogance, especially the words istikbar, anger, mukhtalan, and fakhuran, as well as analyze the semantic relationship between the words. Theoretical framework: A semantic study in Arabic linguistics, especially the theory of synonyms (al-tarāduf) in the study of the meaning of words in the Qur'an, as well as a thematic interpretation approach to words that connote arrogance in sacred texts. Literature review: A previous study of synonyms in the Qur'an, the use of arrogant words in the context of Qur'anic verses, as well as mufasir's interpretation of the meaning of istikbar, anger, mukhtalan, and fakhuran in various classical and contemporary tafsir books. Methods: Qualitative research with a library research approach, using primary data in the form of verses of the Qur'an containing the words istikbar, anger, mukhtalan, and fakhuran, and supported by interpretations as secondary data. Results: The results of the study show that istikbar describes a kufr attitude that rejects and degrades Allah, His teachings, and His Messenger. Marah shows the condition of a person who is too late in joy to display arrogance. Mukhtalan comes from the word imaginary, describing a person who is controlled by the illusion of self-superiority and arrogance. Meanwhile, fakhuran refers to the behavior of boasting about outward things such as wealth and social status. These four words have different meanings of arrogance according to their context in the Qur'an. Implications: This study enriches the semantic understanding of the Qur'an, especially about the words that reflect arrogance, so that it can be used in the study of interpretation, Islamic moral education, and Islamic linguistic studies. Novelty: An in-depth thematic and semantic analysis of the four synonymous words in the Qur'an that connote arrogance, by showing the differentiation in the meaning and context of the use of each word in detail.