Pseudo real-time multi-parametric quantitative 3D MRI using Parallel non-Cartesian stDLNN for interventional procedures

Motivation: Pseudo real-time multi-parametric MRI can improve the localization of targets for intraoperative procedures, particularly in the surgery of deep brain stimulation (DBS). Goal(s): To develop an online MRI technique capable of generating quantitative R2*, SWI, and QSM maps with reduced acquisition times, suitable for intraoperative procedures. Approach: We employed a blipped multi-gradient-echo sequence with a stack-of-stars trajectory and modified stDLNN algorithm along with the Gadgetron platform to achieve pseudo real-time imaging. Results: Three-dimensional quantitative R2*, SWI, and QSM mapping can be acquired in 11.2s, with online reconstruction and quantification completed in 4s, generating quantitative maps with good quality for intraoperative applications. Impact: This work demonstrates the potential for pseudo real-time multi-parametric 3D MRI during surgeries, supporting procedures like DBS by providing quantitative maps with a 11.2s acquisition and 4s computation, which could enhance intraoperative decision-making and improve patient outcomes.