The Value of Hybrid Multidimensional MRI in Identifying Prostate Cancer and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Feasibility Study

Motivation: Distinguishing prostate cancer (PCa) from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) can be challenging. Methods are needed to accurately and non-invasively assess tissue composition for differentiating the two. Goal(s): We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of hybrid multidimensional (HM)-MRI to differentiate PCa from BPH. Approach: We compared differences in tissue compositions on HM-MRI for PCa and BPH and evaluated the performance of HM-MRI in diagnosing PCa. Results: Stromal, epithelial, and luminal volume fractions differed significantly between PCa and BPH. The area under the curve for differentiating PCa and BPH using epithelial volume fraction was 0.921. HM-MRI had high specificity for diagnosing PCa. Impact: HM-MRI enables efficient and accurate identification of PCa and BPH, thereby providing reliable guidance for clinicians. HM-MRI also shows potential for other clinical applications.