Comprehensive Analysis of Brain Connectivity and Optimal Sample Size in Common Marmosets Under Isoflurane Anesthesia

Motivation: The common marmoset serves as an important model for understanding primate brain organization. However, current studies lack statistical power, and the relationship between structural connectivity and functional networks under anesthesia, as well as species-specific traits, remains poorly understood. Goal(s): To characterize brain networks in marmosets using a large sample size, identify preserved networks under isoflurane anesthesia, and evaluate species-specific structural features. Approach: We analyzed brain networks in 71 marmosets under isoflurane anesthesia using diffusion imaging and resting-state fMRI. Results: We discovered high structural similarity across individuals, identified seven distinct functional networks under anesthesia, and established optimal sample size requirements for structural analysis. Impact: This study overcame sample size limitations in marmoset brain connectivity research by using adequate subjects, revealing previously unknown functional networks under anesthesia while providing insights into primate brain similarities and establishing appropriate sample size requirements.