Extended intra-voxel incoherent motion (X-IVIM) modeling in breast cancer patients for improved quantitative cancer markers

Motivation: To provide a non-contrast MRI protocol option for breast cancer screening. Goal(s): To demonstrate implementation of extended intra-voxel incoherent motion (X-IVIM) modeling in breast MRI, for more accurate vascular fraction calculation and lesion detection, and measurements of blood oxygenation. Approach: A two-compartment (vascular/extra-vascular) tissue model was assumed and simultaneous T2 and diffusivity mapping was implemented using DWI at multiple TE values. Results: X-IVIM modeling was successfully implemented, demonstrating higher vascular fraction values in enhancing lesions. Impact: Successful implementation of extended intra-voxel incoherent motion (X-IVIM) modeling in breast MRI will facilitate development of non-contrast enhanced MRI protocols for breast cancer screening. This will reduce barriers of risk, inconvenience, and cost and increase compliance with screening recommendations.