NMR and multi-omics reveal characteristic metabolome atlas and optimize esophageal squamous cell carcinoma early detection

Motivation: It remains unclear whether detectable characteristic metabolome exists in ESCC tissues and biofluids for early detection. Goal(s): We aims to identify biofluid metabolic biomarkers that reflect alterations in ESCC tissue metabolism and validate metabolic changes at various dimensions. Approach: Multi-omics approaches including metabolomics, proteomics, and microbiomics were employed, tissue, serum, urine and saliva from 1171 cases of ESCC patients and corresponding control groups were analyzed. Results: Metabolomic analysis revealed that amino acid metabolism are pivotal in ESCC progression. The diagnostic efficacy of serum and urine metabolite biomarkers outperformed conventional markers. Moreover, the study delved into the exploration of ESCC-related microbiome and protein features. Impact: The combined model of biofluid metabolite biomarkers based on NMR exhibits high diagnostic accuracy and plays a crucial role in early detection of ESCC, facilitating precise screening for high-risk populations.