Longitudinal Changes in Functional Connectivity during the First Year After Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Motivation: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) disrupts brain connectivity, impairing cognitive and behavioral functions. Understanding connectivity changes during the first year post-injury is critical for insights into the brain's adaptive recovery. Goal(s): This study tracks functional connectivity (FC) changes within key brain regions at 3-, 6-, and 12-months post-injury, identifying recovery-linked patterns in TBI patients. Approach: We used resting-state fMRI and advanced machine learning method to assess longitudinal FC differences, focusing on dynamic connectivity patterns across various brain regions. Results: Analysis revealed distinct regional profiles of increasing and decreasing FC, highlighting spatially and temporally dynamic network reorganization during the first year post-TBI. Impact: This study highlights the evolving nature of brain connectivity in TBI recovery, offering insights into potential biomarkers of recovery and informing targeted therapeutic strategies. These findings could aid in developing personalized treatment plans for TBI patients.