Long COVID’s Lasting Impact on the Brain: Increased Magnetic Susceptibility in Key Subcortical Gray Matter Structures

Motivation: Persistent neurological symptoms in PASC, such as cognitive dysfunction and fatigue, may be linked to cerebral iron dysregulation and neuroinflammation. Goal(s): This study aimed to assess lateralized magnetic susceptibility in subcortical regions among PASC patients, recovered individuals, and those who never had COVID. Approach: Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) imaging and a general linear model, adjusted for age and gender, were used to measure magnetic susceptibility across groups. Results: PASC patients showed elevated susceptibility values, indicating iron accumulation in the right hippocampus, right caudate, and right putamen, suggesting localized neuroinflammation associated with these persistent symptoms. Impact: The study identifies potential biomarkers for neurological impairment in PASC patients, specifically in the right hippocampus, caudate, and putamen. These findings highlight potential biomarkers for PASC-related neurological impairment, supporting targeted rehabilitation strategies.