Simultaneous T2 and T2* Mapping in Multiple Sclerosis using Accelerated 2in1-RARE-EPI and Model-Based Reconstruction

Motivation: Quantitative MRI (qMRI) offers enhanced sensitivity to subtle brain tissue alterations but is limited by long acquisition times. Goal(s): To advance 2in1-RARE-EPI for faster, simultaneous T2 and T2* mapping in Multiple sclerosis patients, minimizing artifacts and improving image quality. Approach: 2in1-RARE-EPI was combined with advanced model-based reconstructions, with a tiny golden angle k-space trajectory, and an external shimming tool for T2, T2*, and PD mapping. Initial maps for the EPI reconstruction were obtained from the RARE solution. Results: Phantom and in vivo studies showed good correlation between 2in1-RARE-EPI and reference methods, reduced noise in T2* maps, and clear lesion detection in MS patients. Impact: 2in1-RARE-EPI combined with model-based reconstruction methods provides a technical foundation supporting clinical qMRI of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. It also has the potential for accelerated and simultaneous T2 and T2* mapping of the myocardium, eyes, and kidneys.