Measuring Slow Cerebrospinal Fluid Velocities in Preclinical Models Using Optimized Phase Contrast MRI at 21.1 T

Motivation: Due to its slow and pulsatile nature, accurate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) velocimetry is challenging with in vivo MRI. Goal(s): We aimed to assess the feasibility of measuring slow CSF velocities in preclinical models using an optimized, novel phase contrast technique. Approach: First, we optimized gradient strengths and validated the sensitivity of a previously suggested pulsed gradient spin echo (PGSE) phase contrast method. We then applied the optimized method to a naïve animal model to demonstrate in vivo feasibility. Results: Velocity measurements were consistent between expected and measured flow rates in the controlled phantom and were successfully applied to the in vivo preclinical condition. Impact: A successful and non-invasive MR method would allow for longitudinal assessment of CSF dynamics in neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease or migraine, impacting both preclinical models and clinical monitoring of potential brain waste clearance mechanisms.