Using a Generalized Additive Model to Correlate Dentate Nucleus High Signal on T1-Weighted MRI with Linear Gadolinium Agent Type

Motivation: Breast cancer patients often require multiple MRIs to track disease progression. Studies have linked contrast injections to dentate nucleus (DN) hyperintensity, with linear non-ionic agents being more harmful. Goal(s): This study aims to evaluate the association between DN hyperintensity on non-enhanced T1WI and prior use of different types of linear GBCAs Approach: This study compared DN hyperintensity on T1WI for two contrast types and identified factors influencing it. Results: We found that linear non-ionic deposition was more severe. Additionally, we discovered for the first time that hormone therapy may cause gadolinium ions to dissociate from the brain. Impact: Our results suggest that hormone therapy in breast cancer patients may lead to re-metabolism of gadolinium ions in the body, potentially increasing the toxicity of gadolinium when combined with other particles. This finding warrants further investigation.