Concurrent TMS/EEG/fMRI at 3T using the “RF-EEG Cap”

Motivation: The feasibility of concurrent human TMS/EEG/fMRI at 3T has been demonstrated. However, data were acquired using volume coils, showing extremely low sensitivity and limiting spatiotemporal resolution. Goal(s): We developed a wearable RF Cap compatible with TMS that enhances sensitivity and enables parallel imaging. Approach: This study aims to assess the RF cap's imaging capabilities during simultaneous TMS/EEG/fMRI at 3T conducting an experiment on a phantom. Results: The RF-EEG cap showed a maximal 38% loss on the image quality while TMS affects 15% on the site of stimulation. Gradient and TMS artifacts in EEG were effectively removed using standard techniques. Impact: The "RF-EEG Cap" facilitates precise brain mapping and real-time monitoring of neuromodulation during concurrent TMS/EEG/fMRI experiments. Moreover, its integration with real-time EEG/fMRI acquisition enables detailed investigation of whole-brain dynamics and supports closed-loop, patient-specific brain stimulation.