Functional Connectivity Differences in Mice Scanned Awake and Anesthetized in the Same Imaging Session

Motivation: The translational value of mouse fMRI research is compromised to an unknown extent using anesthesia. Goal(s): To identify functional connectivity differences in mice scanned in awake and anesthetized states in the same imaging session. Approach: A non-invasive restraint was developed with an integrated nose cone for anesthesia delivery, allowing for awake imaging followed by the anesthetized imaging while the mouse remains in the same position in the scanner. Results: Significant decreases in functional connectivity were observed across all brain regions in anesthetized compared to awake states with certain identified regions being considerably impacted. Impact: Despite recent literature indicating the negative effects of anesthesia on mouse fMRI, it is still widely used. The current work demonstrates that functional connectivity differences can be identified at the single-subject level.