Psychological trauma in different periods of childhood

<p><strong>Context</strong><strong> and relevance.</strong> Psychological trauma in different periods of childhood has a long-term impact on the child's personality development, social adaptation and mental health in general. The research topic is relevant due to the increasing number of traumatic events, such as violence, disasters, tragedies, unfavorable social conditions of development, as well as injuries related to child-parent relationships. The purpose of the article is to study the features of psychological trauma at different stages of childhood (early, preschool, primary school, adolescence), including children with disabilities, to identify the mechanisms of childhood psychological trauma at different ages and the consequences of traumatization. <strong>Methods</strong><strong> and materials.</strong> This article uses the method of theoretical analysis of domestic and foreign scientific literature on the research topic. <strong>Results.</strong> As a result of the study of psychological trauma in childhood, age–related features of traumatization in each age period were revealed: infancy and early age — attachment disorder, slowing down the development of the emotional, volitional and cognitive spheres of the child's personality; regression, motor arousal or inhibition; at preschool age, symptoms of internalization (self-blame, social isolation, low self-esteem) and externalization (aggression, hyperactivity), the appearance of specific fears, separation anxiety, resentment and irritability, physiological manifestations (sleep disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, headaches, enuresis); at school age, there is a decrease in academic performance, motivation, avoidance, aggression; adolescence — depression, risky behavior, self-harm. <strong>Conclusions.</strong> Experiencing psychological trauma in childhood is a dynamic process, the consequences of which depend on age, type of trauma, and social context. Effective care requires not only working with a child, but also changing the family system, as well as creating a supportive environment in educational institutions. Early intervention and consideration of age-related characteristics can minimize long-term negative effects and promote post-traumatic growth.</p>