Quantifying individualized brain structural deviations of multiple neurological diseases from normative references

Motivation: Individualized quantification of brain structure in normal aging and neurological disorders is crucial for personalized clinical diagnosis and management. Goal(s): Personalized quantification of brain structure by constructing population-specific normative references using 3D T1-weighted images, and assess their clinical significance. Approach: Constructing normative reference using brain structural measures and calculating the deviation (centile score) of each measure for normal aging and neurological diseases. Results: We constructed Chinese-population specific normative references and quantified brain structural measures in normal aging and common neurological diseases, outperforming raw structural measures. Finaly, we provided individualized brain health report for helping personalized assessment among cases in different conditions. Impact: The study proposed that utilizing population-specific normative references can lead to a more precise quantification of deviations in brain structure.