Frequency-constrained Numerical Spiral Trajectory Algrithm for improving dual echo spiral MRI.

Motivation: Dual-echo spiral MRI offers advantages in perfusion imaging by simultaneously acquiring dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) and dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) data. However, it is sensitive to gradient imperfections, requiring corrections not currently feasible for clinical use. Goal(s): This study aims to compare the effects of different gradient frequency constraint conditions on dual-echo spiral acquisition and determine the optimal frequency. Approach: A numerical algorithm reduces high-frequency content in spiral gradient waveforms by iterating from k-space trajectory with constraints on gradient amplitude, slew rate, and frequency. Results: The proposed trajectory improves image quality in dual-echo DCE and DSC acquisitions and enhances performance in accelerated imaging applications. Impact: This method enhances dual-echo spiral MRI for DCE and DSC perfusion imaging, improving image quality and acquisition speed in clinical settings. It enables more accurate assessments of conditions like stroke and cancer, and could broaden the use of spiral MRI.