The nonlinear association of resting heart rate and left ventricular global longitudinal strain in the patients with metabolic syndrome

Motivation: The impact of resting heart rate (RHR) on left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) in metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients remains unclear. Goal(s): To investigate the association between the RHR and LVGLS in MetS patients. Approach: Patients were grouped into 3 groups according to RHR. The association of RHR and LVGLS was assessed through multiple linear regression model, restricted cubic spline (RCS) plot and subgroup analyses. Results: Full adjusted RCS analysis demonstrated a nonlinear association between RHR and LVGLS with the inflection point at 83. Subgroup analyses showed that this association was stable after stratification of sex, age, BMI, hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Impact: Higher RHR is independently associated with LVGLS in patients with MetS, indicating that regular monitoring and early intervention for higher RHR may help prevent further decline in cardiac function.