Explicit examples of bounded sequences with countably infinite subsequential limits and limit points

We construct explicit examples of bounded sequences \(\{a_n\}_{n=1}^\infty\) in \(\mathbb{R}\) with prescribed behaviors for their accumulation properties. Specifically, we present one sequence whose set of subsequential limits $S = \{\displaystyle\lim_{k\to\infty} a_{n_k} \mid \{a_{n_k}\}$ is a convergent subsequence of $\{a_n\} \}$ has cardinality \(\aleph_0\), the smallest infinite cardinality. We also construct a different example where the set of limit points $T = \{x \in \mathbb{R} \mid x$ is a limit point of $\{a_n\} \}$ has cardinality \(\aleph_0\) as well. These examples illustrate that not only can \(S\) and \(T\) differ in structure, but that both sets can be countably infinite---a possibility not often emphasized in introductory analysis. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of the diversity of limiting behavior in sequences and highlights the subtle distinctions between subsequential limits and limit points.

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Publication Details

Journal
International Journal of Contemporary Mathematical Sciences
Published
2025-01-01
DOI
https://doi.org/10.12988/ijcms.2025.92006
Primary Topic
Mathematical Dynamics and Fractals
Type
article
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article

Explicit examples of bounded sequences with countably infinite subsequential limits and limit points

Qingquan Wu
International Journal of Contemporary Mathematical Sciences
Mathematical Dynamics and Fractals
article

Explicit examples of bounded sequences with countably infinite subsequential limits and limit points

Qingquan Wu
article en

Abstract

We construct explicit examples of bounded sequences \(\{a_n\}_{n=1}^\infty\) in \(\mathbb{R}\) with prescribed behaviors for their accumulation properties. Specifically, we present one sequence whose set of subsequential limits $S = \{\displaystyle\lim_{k\to\infty} a_{n_k} \mid \{a_{n_k}\}$ is a convergent subsequence of $\{a_n\} \}$ has cardinality \(\aleph_0\), the smallest infinite cardinality. We also construct a different example where the set of limit points $T = \{x \in \mathbb{R} \mid x$ is a limit point of $\{a_n\} \}$ has cardinality \(\aleph_0\) as well. These examples illustrate that not only can \(S\) and \(T\) differ in structure, but that both sets can be countably infinite---a possibility not often emphasized in introductory analysis. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of the diversity of limiting behavior in sequences and highlights the subtle distinctions between subsequential limits and limit points.

International Journal of Contemporary Mathematical SciencesVol. 20(1)
Openalex Percentile: Top 69%
Mathematical Dynamics and Fractals
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