Characterizing Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue Composition in Multiple Myeloma Using Chemical Shift Encoded MRI

Motivation: Multiple myeloma (MM) induces metabolic changes in bone marrow that are often undetectable with standard imaging. Early biomarkers of MM progression and treatment effects could enhance patient care. Goal(s): To assess bone marrow fat composition in MM and healthy subjects using CSE-MRI, focusing on PDFF and fatty acid profiles as potential biomarkers. Approach: Twenty participants (Healthy, SMM, Treated MM) underwent CSE-MRI. PDFF and fatty acid metrics were measured across lumbar vertebrae (L1-L4). Results: Treated MM patients showed elevated PDFF, with significant increases at L3, L2, and L1. SFA was higher in MM groups;MUFA was elevated in SMM at L3,and PUFA differed across vertebrae. Impact: These findings highlight the clinical potential of CSE-MRI in assessing metabolic biomarkers for MM staging and treatment monitoring. This study lays the groundwork for a more precise, non-invasive approach to MM assessment, warranting further investigation in larger cohorts.