The Kubernetes Security Landscape: AI-Driven Insights from Developer Discussions

Context: Kubernetes, the go-to container orchestration solution, has swiftly become the industry standard for managing containers at scale in production environments. Its widespread adoption, particularly in large organizations, has elevated its profile and made it a prime target for security concerns. Objective: This study aims to understand how prevalent security concerns are among Kubernetes practitioners by analyzing all Kubernetes posts made on Stack Overflow over the past four years. Method: We gathered security insights from Kubernetes practitioners and transformed the data through machine learning algorithms for cleaning and topic clustering. Subsequently, we used advanced AI tools to automatically generate topic descriptions, thereby reducing the analysis process. Results: In our analysis, security-related posts ranked as the fourth most prevalent topic in these forums, comprising $12.3 \%$ of the overall discussions. Furthermore, the findings indicated that although the frequency of security discussions has remained constant, their popularity and influence have experienced significant growth. Conclusions: Kubernetes users consistently prioritize security topics, and the rising popularity of security posts reflects a growing interest and concern for maintaining secure Kubernetes clusters. The findings underscore key security issues that warrant further research and the development of additional tools to resolve them.