Advancements in Theranostic Nanorobots for Early Detection and Targeted Therapy of Thrombosis

Relevance: The formation of thrombi within blood vessels plays a cardinal role in the mortality rate due to cardiovascular diseases, and recent advancements in nanotechnology have shown significant potential in addressing this issue. Standard medical treatments for thrombosis usually have drawbacks such as delayed detection, off-target effects, and increased bleeding risks. Due to the advancement of technology, theranostic nanorobots have emerged and offer a better solution for precise and safe thrombolysis.Aim: To investigate the possible application of multifunctional theranostic nanorobots in the diagnosis and treatment of thrombosis.Material and method: A systematic literature review search was performed across databases and journals including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, ACS Nano, Journal of Nanobiotechnology using keywords related to theranostic nanorobots and thrombosis management. The searches were performed from studies published between January 2019 to March 2025 to compile the latest advancement in the field. Out of 41 studies selected, 31 articles were included for primary analysis, while 10 review and theoretical studies were used for introductionConclusion: Theranostic nanorobot have been proven as a transformative strategy in thrombosis management due to its combination of therapy and diagnostics. Continued development and implementation are strongly recommended to overcome the current barriers and increase therapeutic efficacy.