CUIDADOS ODONTOLÓGICOS PARA PACIENTES QUE SERÃO SUBMETIDOS AO TRANSPLANTE DE CÉLULAS-TRONCO HEMATOPOIÉTICAS

Oncologic therapy targeting hematological neoplasms often includes hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), a procedure that compromises the immune system and entails significant repercussions in the oral cavity. The dentist plays a fundamental role in the prevention, diagnosis, and management of oral manifestations associated with treatment, which negatively impact both quality of life and clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to review the main dental care practices adopted in patients undergoing HSCT, emphasizing the importance of dental involvement throughout all phases of transplantation. The literature review was conducted using the PubMed/MEDLINE®, Scopus®, Google Scholar, and LILACS databases, as well as relevant textbooks in the field. The most prevalent oral manifestations include oral mucositis, candidiasis, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), radiation-related caries, xerostomia, trismus, and osteoradionecrosis. Dental interventions involve specific prevention and treatment protocols, such as laser therapy, antifungal agents, topical and systemic corticosteroids, artificial saliva, and rigorous oral hygiene measures. Therefore, based on the reviewed literature, it can be concluded that the role of the dentist is essential at all stages of HSCT, contributing to the reduction of complications, improvement in treatment adherence, and enhancement of patients’ quality of life.