Robust μ-optimal Control Synthesis for Modular Multiport DC-DC Converter

Owing to the intermittent characteristics of renewable energy sources (RESs) and the unpredictability of load demand, integrating multiple RESs and energy storage systems (ESSs) has become imperative. Modular Multiport Converters (MMPC) have emerged as a viable solution to meet this need, offering superior performance, efficiency, and reliability compared to multiple SISO DC/DC converters. To this end, this paper presents a comprehensive model of an MMPC, which is bidirectional and capable of operating in both step-up and step-down modes. Following the derivation of the converter model, a robust μ-controller using the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</i> − <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</i> − <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K</i> iterative procedure is designed. This controller addresses the cross-coupling challenges inherent in MIMO systems and effectively overcomes the parametric uncertainties associated with the converter. Finally, hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test results derived from OPAL-RT 4610, and experimental results from a prototype are used to validate this control approach.