Evaluation of Immune Risk Factors for Developing Complications After Bacterial Meningitis in Children

This study investigates selected components of the immune system and the prevalence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes involved in the immune response in children following bacterial meningitis, with particular focus on their potential role in the development of postinfectious complications. The study included 47 children hospitalized with pneumococcal or meningococcal meningitis between 2010 and 2020. Analyses involved leukocyte profiles, immunoglobulin levels (IgA, IgM, IgG), complement activity (C3, C4, CH50), and 11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms across 7 genes. Data on complications were collected from medical records, follow-ups, and patient surveys. Complications occurred in 59.6% of cases, with cognitive impairment, focal neurologic deficits, subdural effusion, and hearing disorders being most common. CH50 defects showed a statistical trend toward an increased risk of neurologic complications (<i>P</i> = .064), and the TIRAP rs8177374 single-nucleotide polymorphism demonstrated a borderline trend toward significance (<i>P</i> = .054). Bacterial meningitis may lead to long-term complications. Complement system disturbances and genetic predispositions are important prognostic factors influencing outcomes.