A note on solitary numbers

Does 14 have a friend? Until now, this has been an open question. In this note, we prove that a potential friend F of 14 is an odd, non-square positive integer. 7 appears in the prime factorization of F with an even exponent while at most two prime divisors of F can have odd exponents in the prime factorization of F. If p | F such that p is congruent to 7 modulo 8, then p^{2a} || F, for some positive integer a. Further, no prime divisor of F has an exponent congruent to 7 modulo 8 and no prime divisor can exceed 1.4\sqrt{F}. The primes 3, 5 cannot appear simultaneously in the prime factorization of F. If (3,F) > 1 or (5,F) > 1, then \omega(F) \geq 4, otherwise ω(F) ≥ 8.

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Publication Details

Journal
Notes on Number Theory and Discrete Mathematics
Published
2025-01-01
DOI
https://doi.org/10.7546/nntdm.2025.31.3.617-623
Primary Topic
Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
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article

A note on solitary numbers

Sagar Mandal
Notes on Number Theory and Discrete Mathematics
Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption
article

A note on solitary numbers

Sagar Mandal
article en

Abstract

Does 14 have a friend? Until now, this has been an open question. In this note, we prove that a potential friend F of 14 is an odd, non-square positive integer. 7 appears in the prime factorization of F with an even exponent while at most two prime divisors of F can have odd exponents in the prime factorization of F. If p | F such that p is congruent to 7 modulo 8, then p^{2a} || F, for some positive integer a. Further, no prime divisor of F has an exponent congruent to 7 modulo 8 and no prime divisor can exceed 1.4\sqrt{F}. The primes 3, 5 cannot appear simultaneously in the prime factorization of F. If (3,F) > 1 or (5,F) > 1, then \omega(F) \geq 4, otherwise ω(F) ≥ 8.

Notes on Number Theory and Discrete MathematicsVol. 31(3)
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IN)
Openalex Percentile: Top 76%
Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption
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