Physical Activity, Sleep, And Fitbit Device Versions In The All Of Us Research Program

The All of Us Research Program is a national effort to enroll ≥1 million diverse participants for health research. The program enables participants to donate Fitbit data through a bring-your-own-device (BYOD) approach, providing a unique dataset for physical activity (PA) and sleep research. However, the size and structure of the Fitbit data presents computational challenges necessitating descriptive analysis to facilitate use by researchers. PURPOSE: To characterize the physical activity, sleep, and device data in the All of Us BYOD cohort (v7 data release). METHODS: Descriptive statistics (mean [SD]) were generated for the All of Us BYOD v7 cohort (e.g., sex, age, race/ethnicity). Days 15-21 (inclusive) post consent (after 2 wk washout) were selected for analysis of PA and sleep summary data. Demographic differences were examined using t-tests and ANOVA. RESULTS: The v7 All of Us BYOD cohort consists of N = 14,143 participants (mAge: 50.2 ± 15.7y, 68% female, 79% Non-Hispanic White) with any heart rate data, spanning 3.3 ± 2.0 years. Participants with any Fitbit summary data 1, 2, and 3y prior to consent were 68%, 57%, and 44% for PA, and 65%, 54%, and 41% for sleep. Participants with any Fitbit summary data 1, 2, and 3y post consent were 69%, 52%, and 28% for PA, and 65%, 48%, and 26% for sleep. Compared to women, men engaged in more “fairly active” (15.0 ± 25.2 vs 23.6 ± 34.3 min, p < 0.001) and “very active” time (16.7 ± 28.2 vs 31.7 ± 45.7 min, p < 0.001) per day (defined by Fitbit as 3-6 and ≥ 6 METS, respectively). Women slept longer than men (6.6 ± 1.8 vs 6.4 ± 1.7 hrs, p < 0.001). Differences in PA and sleep were found across race/ethnicity and age. Fitbit Charge (34%) and Versa (22%) devices were most commonly worn by users. CONCLUSIONS: The All of Us BYOD cohort is a resource for researchers interested in PA and sleep behaviors. For example, these data provide continued evidence of PA and sleep disparities, even among device owners. While diversity in the v7 BYOD sub-cohort is limited relative to other program datatypes (e.g., genomics, surveys), the v8 Fitbit data diversity will increase through a pilot program that provided devices to underrepresented participants. This resource can be leveraged to address PA and sleep questions, such as those outlined in the call to action for the Third Edition of the Physical Activity Guidelines.