Effectiveness of using educational chatbots in improving student learning independence

This study investigates the effectiveness of educational chatbots in increasing students' learning independence in higher education.As artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are increasingly integrated into the digital learning ecosystem, chatbots have emerged as a promising tool for providing immediate feedback, improving self-directed learning (SRL), and supporting students in becoming more independent learners.Using a mixed methods approach, this research involved 150 undergraduate students at three universities in Indonesia who used a custom-designed chatbot embedded in their Learning Management System (LMS).Data was collected through pre-and post-tests, structured surveys, and focus group discussions.The results showed a significant increase in students' ability to plan, monitor and evaluate their learning process independently.Participants also reported increased motivation, self-confidence, and willingness to engage in self-directed learning activities.These findings suggest that educational chatbots can act as cost-effective, scalable, and non-judgmental learning companions, especially in blended and online learning contexts.Future research should explore the long-term impacts and integrate chatbot interventions with broader digital pedagogy frameworks.The results show a significant improvement in students' ability to manage their own learning, set goals, and solve problems independently.Students reported increased motivation and confidence in seeking information without constant teacher assistance.These findings suggest that educational chatbots can serve as effective support systems for developing learner autonomy, particularly in blended or online learning environments.