Keragaman Jenis Tumbuhan Invasif Kelurahan Jambula, Kota Ternate Provinsi Maluku Utara

ABSTRACT Biodiversity in Indonesia faces serious threats due to ecosystem degradation, climate change, and especially alien plant invasions. Invasive plant species can replace local vegetation, disrupt ecosystem balance, and trigger conflicts between humans and wildlife. This study aims to identify and analyze the diversity of invasive plant species in Jambula Urban Village, Ternate City, North Maluku Province as preliminary data for sustainable management of biological resources. The method used was purposive sampling combined with field exploration on open land and roadsides during January-March 2025. The results showed that there were 44 invasive plant species belonging to 21 families, with the dominance of the Asteraceae and Poaceae families. Some species such as Chromolaena odorata, Miconia crenata (Clidemia hirta), Lantana camara, and Mikania micrantha are included in the list of the 100 most invasive plants in the world. Identification analysis shows that 13 plant species are categorized as invasive according to three main sources: PermenLHK No P.94/2016, IUCNGISD, and a guidebook on invasive species in Indonesia. These results emphasize the importance of monitoring and managing invasive plants to preserve the ecosystem of Jambula Urban Village, Ternate City. Keywords: diversity, invasive, Jambula Urban Village, plant ABSTRAK Keanekaragaman hayati di Indonesia menghadapi ancaman serius akibat kerusakan ekosistem, perubahan iklim, dan terutama invasi tumbuhan asing. Jenis tumbuhan invasif dapat menggantikan vegetasi lokal, mengganggu keseimbangan ekosistem, dan memicu konflik antara manusia dan satwa liar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis keberagaman jenis tumbuhan invasif di Kelurahan Jambula, Kota Ternate, Provinsi Maluku Utara sebagai data awal pengelolaan sumber daya hayati secara berkelanjutan. Metode yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling dikombinasikan dengan eksplorasi lapangan pada lahan terbuka dan tepi jalan selama Januari–Maret 2025. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 44 jenis tumbuhan invasif yang tergolong dalam 21 famili, dengan dominasi dari famili Asteraceae dan Poaceae. Beberapa spesies seperti Chromolaena odorata, Miconia crenata (Clidemia hirta), Lantana camara, dan Mikania micrantha termasuk dalam daftar 100 tumbuhan paling invasif di dunia. Analisis identifikasi menunjukkan 13 jenis tumbuhan termasuk dalam kategori invasif menurut tiga sumber utama: PermenLHK No P.94/2016, IUCNGISD, dan buku panduan spesies invasif di Indonesia. Hasil ini menegaskan pentingnya pengawasan dan pengelolaan tumbuhan invasif guna menjaga kelestarian ekosistem di Kelurahan Jambula, Kota Ternate. Kata kunci: invasif, keanekaragaman, Kelurahan Jambula, tumbuhan