Wave energy in Energy Systems, the impact of high-fidelity datasets and a view for the future.

Wave energy as a renewable resource has been shown to have immense potential. Up to date research has predominately focused on sector focused approaches, with devices being explored in small applications, or solely on their own merit. However, when discussing the integration to energy systems with high share of renewable energies, large levels of electrical interconnectivity and grid balancing infrastructure, the role of wave energy is often “lost”. This work further refines the approach of integrating wave energy in the European and UK energy system, highlighting potential future pathways to improve wave energy considerations. This study assesses the input source of climate data for evaluation of wave energy production and economics. The comparison of ERA5 and a high-fidelity wave dataset across all Europe, the ECHOWAVE database, show a clear benefit for wave energy. When ERA5 is utilised to assess the potential of wave energy, the usefulness and integration of wave energy is not reflected in the system. This works shows that a proper representation of wave energy in terms of climate, power production methodologies and economic considerations.