Germanium‐Based Long‐Conjugation Xanthene Fluorophores for Bioimaging in Optimal NIR‐II Sub‐Window

ABSTRACT The near‐infrared‐IIx (NIR‐IIx, 1400–1500 nm) sub‐window theoretically surpasses the conventional near‐infrared‐II (NIR‐II) region in optical imaging fidelity but requires luminophores with high brightness and stability. Herein, we present a germanium‐engineered xanthene fluorophore (EGe5) featuring extended π‐conjugation and a planarized core, as unequivocally resolved by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. The vertically aligned methyl groups sterically hinder molecular vibration, while germanium's heavy‐atom effect enhances radiative decay, collectively resulting in a 3.3% quantum yield in the NIR‐II window and high NIR‐IIx brightness. In addition, EGe5 retains nearly unchanged fluorescence intensity for over 12 h under harsh oxidative and reductive conditions. In vivo studies confirm its prolonged circulation time (>60 min) is enough for persistent NIR‐IIx fluorescent angiography, which helps to identify the intestinal obstruction by tracing the diseased intestinal wall blood vessels. Furthermore, EGe5‐PEG 45 achieves rapid renal clearance and enables high‐contrast excretory urography, dynamically tracking hydronephrosis progression in ureteral obstruction models. This work provides a molecular design paradigm for NIR‐IIx probes and a versatile tool for minimally invasive diagnosis of gastrointestinal/urological diseases.

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
Aggregate
Published
2025-09-08
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/agt2.70148
Citations
4
Primary Topic
Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
2.70
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

Germanium‐Based Long‐Conjugation Xanthene Fluorophores for Bioimaging in Optimal NIR‐II Sub‐Window

Yuhuang Zhang, Hui Lin, Zhe Feng, Tianxiang Wu et al.
4 citations
Aggregate
Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics
2.70
article

Germanium‐Based Long‐Conjugation Xanthene Fluorophores for Bioimaging in Optimal NIR‐II Sub‐Window

Yuhuang Zhang, Hui Lin, Zhe Feng, Tianxiang Wu, Jun Qian, Zhongmin Xu, Qiming Xia, Xiaoming Yu, Jin Li, Jiayi Li
article en
4 citations

Abstract

ABSTRACT The near‐infrared‐IIx (NIR‐IIx, 1400–1500 nm) sub‐window theoretically surpasses the conventional near‐infrared‐II (NIR‐II) region in optical imaging fidelity but requires luminophores with high brightness and stability. Herein, we present a germanium‐engineered xanthene fluorophore (EGe5) featuring extended π‐conjugation and a planarized core, as unequivocally resolved by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. The vertically aligned methyl groups sterically hinder molecular vibration, while germanium's heavy‐atom effect enhances radiative decay, collectively resulting in a 3.3% quantum yield in the NIR‐II window and high NIR‐IIx brightness. In addition, EGe5 retains nearly unchanged fluorescence intensity for over 12 h under harsh oxidative and reductive conditions. In vivo studies confirm its prolonged circulation time (>60 min) is enough for persistent NIR‐IIx fluorescent angiography, which helps to identify the intestinal obstruction by tracing the diseased intestinal wall blood vessels. Furthermore, EGe5‐PEG 45 achieves rapid renal clearance and enables high‐contrast excretory urography, dynamically tracking hydronephrosis progression in ureteral obstruction models. This work provides a molecular design paradigm for NIR‐IIx probes and a versatile tool for minimally invasive diagnosis of gastrointestinal/urological diseases.

AggregateVol. 6(11)
International Society for Optics and Photonics (US), Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (CN), Ministry of Education (TH), Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences (CN), Green Chemistry (PL), Zhejiang University (CN)
Openalex Percentile: Top 9%
Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics
2.70
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.