Osteoarthritis as a clinical marker of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic multimorbidity: a population-based cohort study in China

Osteoarthritis is strongly associated with the onset and progression of CKM multimorbidity. As a clinically observable and common condition, OA may serve as an early indicator for identifying individuals at heightened risk of multi-organ metabolic decline. These findings support the integration of OA status into risk stratification frameworks for CKM disease prevention and management.