Enhancing source currents and ensuring load voltage stability in railway electrification system via unified power quality conditions implementation

In recent years, interest in electric railway system as a transportation solution for large urban areas has grown significantly. This increased attention stems from several key advantages, including environmental friendliness, high performance, reduced maintenance costs, and lower energy expenses. Railway electrification system rely on supplying power to trains through single-phase transformers. However, these transformers can cause issues such as current imbalances and harmonics at the system connection point, which may impact critical loads. Additionally, fluctuations in source voltage can influence the system's performance. This study examines the causes of unbalanced loading in railway electrification system and introduces an innovative unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) specifically designed for integration into low-voltage railway electrification system. The proposed UPQC aims to restore current balance, minimize harmonics, and enhance overall power quality. Furthermore, it addresses the mitigation of voltage sags in the power distribution network. The simulation results generated through MATLAB programming demonstrate the UPQC's effectiveness in enhancing system performance. The findings reveal that the UPQC reduces source current imbalance to less than 1.6% and total harmonic distortion (THD) to below 4.89% across all test scenarios. Additionally, the UPQC successfully maintains a load bus voltage of 25 kV during single-phase-to-ground and unbalanced three-phase-to-ground fault conditions.