Alterations of the salivary microbiome in obstructive sleep apnea and their association with periodontitis

OSA is associated with distinct changes in salivary microbiota, including reduced microbial richness and altered functional profiles, which may contribute to early periodontal dysbiosis. <i>Rothia</i> has been identified as a potential microbial biomarker for OSA-related periodontitis, while <i>Rothia</i> and <i>Parvimonas</i> may play a key role in periodontitis-related OSA. However, as this is a cross-sectional study, causal relationships and the predictive value of microbial biomarkers remain to be confirmed in longitudinal studies. These results highlight the need for integrated management of OSA and periodontitis and suggest microbial profiling as a useful diagnostic tool.