Radiation Technologies for the Treatment of Biological Objects (REVIEW)

The article provides an overview of the current state of application of radiation technology in food processing and biomedical products in the world and in Russia. The history of the development of radiation technology and its connection with the development of radiation engineering facilities used for processing biological objects and materials is described. The characteristics of radiation sources and doses used in the processing of food and biomedical products are presented. The main international and national standards governing radiation processing of food products and medical devices, dose control and methods of identification of irradiated food products are presented. The article studies the physical mechanisms of radiation effects on target microorganisms and surrounding biological macromolecules in irradiated biological objects. The main Russian research centers conducting research in the field of radiation treatment of biological objects and materials are given, and industrial centers providing radiation treatment services in the Russian Federation are presented.The article provides an overview of the main directions and results of research on optimization of radiation processing of biological objects and materials carried out at the Department of Accelerator Physics and Radiological Medicine, Faculty of Physics, Moscow State University over the past 15-20 years