Introducing a hyperbolic tangent function into hybrid P&O–super twisting MPPT for enhanced performance

Abstract This paper introduces an enhanced hybrid maximum power point tracking method that integrates the Perturb and Observe algorithm with a modified Super-Twisting Control to improve the performance of photovoltaic systems. Although conventional hybrid MPPT techniques can compensate for the weaknesses of individual methods, they often face challenges such as chattering and slower dynamic response, primarily due to the discontinuous nature of the Super-Twisting component. To address these issues, we propose a novel refinement by replacing the discontinuous term with a smooth hyperbolic tangent function. This adjustment effectively suppresses chattering while retaining the robustness of the control scheme. Simulation results under varying irradiance and temperature conditions confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The modified hybrid strategy achieves faster convergence to the maximum power point, minimizes steady-state oscillations, and enhances overall energy harvesting efficiency compared to traditional hybrid methods. Furthermore, it maintains strong resilience against system uncertainties and external disturbances, ensuring stable operation in practical scenarios. This work contributes to advancing maximum power point tracking technology by offering a more efficient and reliable hybrid control solution, particularly suited for PV systems exposed to rapidly changing environmental conditions where conventional strategies often underperform.