Wearable Noninvasive Glucose Biosensors: Biological Metabolism, Chemical Sensing, and Biological Applications

Abstract Recent years have witnessed significant advancements in glucose sensor technology for diabetes management, driven by the escalating global prevalence of diabetes and growing demands for efficient monitoring solutions. Wearable glucose sensors employing noninvasive body fluid analysis have emerged as a promising approach, providing enhanced safety and user comfort in noninvasive continuous glucose monitoring. This comprehensive review systematically examines current applications and future directions of wearable glucose sensor technology. This work begins with an in‐depth analysis of glucose metabolism pathways and their concentration variations across different biological fluids, establishing a theoretical foundation for understanding correlations between blood glucose levels and noninvasive measurements. Subsequently, this work provides a detailed evaluation of the core components and operational mechanisms underlying modern wearable glucose sensors. This review concludes by critically analyzing emerging applications in noninvasive body fluid‐based sensing systems, highlighting their transformative potential and practical implications for diabetes care. Through this structured analysis, this work aims to identify key challenges and opportunities while guiding future research directions in this evolving field.